|
March on Washington Movement brochure, ca. 1941.
By December 1941, Randolph had transformed the MOWC into a dues-paying, all-black membership organization, the March on Washington Movement, "to help create faith by Negroes in Negroes." To sustain MOWM's strategy of nonviolent, direct mass action, Randolph conceived a series of "colossal and dramatic" rallies in the summer of 1942: 20,000 gathered in New York, 12,000 in Chicago, and 9,000 in St. Louis. The MOWM continued into the late 1940s, waning after 1943. Photograph courtesy: A. Philip Randolph Institute. |